While slavery is often seen as a relic of the past, modern slavery still exists in various forms worldwide. Although traditional chattel slavery—where individuals were owned as property—is largely illegal and socially condemned, millions of people today still suffer in exploitative situations that experts classify as modern slavery. These forms include forced labor, human trafficking, debt bondage, and forced marriage. Victims are often trapped by manipulation, threats, or coercion, with many working in industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, domestic work, and construction under harsh conditions and without freedom.

Human trafficking is a significant driver of modern slavery, especially with organized criminal networks and individuals exploiting vulnerable populations, such as migrants, refugees, and impoverished communities. Victims may be deceived with promises of work or education, only to be forced into exploitative labor or even sexual slavery. Technology and globalization have made it easier for traffickers to operate across borders, creating a complex web that authorities struggle to dismantle effectively. In some cases, children are targeted, sold, or forced to work, perpetuating cycles of poverty and exploitation.

Combatting modern slavery requires a multi-faceted approach that includes strengthening legal frameworks, increasing awareness, and enhancing law enforcement efforts. Some governments and organizations have made significant strides in identifying and rescuing victims, implementing policies to prevent exploitation, and raising public awareness. However, many challenges remain, as cultural, economic, and systemic issues create environments where slavery can persist. As a result, slavery is not simply a chapter in history but a modern human rights issue that continues to demand urgent attention.